Smoke and gasses must move around the baffle before exiting. This increases the amount of time the gasses remain in the stove, allowing time for more complete combustion.
This is where you build the fire. Some are lined with masonry firebricks or refractory cement, while others are lined with steel or cast-iron panels. The flue collar is the opening in the top, rear, or side of the stove usually round or oval , to which the stovepipe is connected, and through which exhaust is vented from the stove. Virtually all new stoves have a glass panel in the front door. Unlike older designs, in which this glass tends to blacken quickly from condensing wood smoke in the firebox, the new stoves use an air-wash system to help keep the glass clean.
The air wash consists of an opening for combustion air along the top or along the bottom of the glass. Combustion air is focused against the inside of the glass, reducing condensation of smoke and keeping the glass clean. A ceramic insert with numerous small channels, or tubes, running through it.
It looks like a honey comb. Applied to the surface of the ceramic is a layer of a catalytic chemical, generally platinum or palladium , which reacts with smoke passing through the channels, reducing the ignition temperature of the smoke, and causing the smoke to burn. A damper is a moveable plate that regulates the flow of gasses through the stove.
Older stoves sometimes incorporated a pipe damper, a round valve in the stovepipe, which the user closed or opened to reduce or increase the flow of gasses through the stove. New, catalytic stoves have a bypass damper in the stove itself. This is a metal plate in the stove, which, when open, allows smoke and gasses to bypass, that is, move around, the catalytic unit.
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A large proportion of the heat generated by burning wood can come from the secondary combustion of waste gases. By keeping these gases in the firebox for longer using the baffle, more time is provided to help burn off the gases.
The baffle is required to handle the high temperatures generated by the fire, but can be damaged if the heat output exceeds that of the designed operating temperatures of the stove. The flue collar is located near the top of the fireplace, but typically behind the baffle and above the firebox. The flue collar is where the wood burning stove meets the stove pipe, which provides a passageway for waste gases from the fire to safely leave your home. In our wood burning stoves, the flue collar is located on the top of the stoves, and can be seen just above the baffle.
Depending on the model of wood stove, the flue collar may be located on top of the stove or on the back; to suit which way the flue is heading out of your home. The stove pipe is connected to the stove via the flue collar, and connects the stove to the flue. The flue can either extend up vertically through the ceiling, go out at an angle through an external wall, or extend up to the roof through the inside of a chimney. Our wood burning stoves were installed within existing chimneys, and so the stove pipes extend from the stoves vertically into the flues located within the chimneys.
The chimneys have then been capped off where the stove pipe meets the flue to ensure that all air flow is provided through the stoves. Stove doors have a seal around the inside to prevent any air from getting into the stove through the door, ensuring that all air getting into the firebox is going through the air vents and can therefore be managed. An air wash system on a wood stove helps to keep the glass on the door clean for a full and uninterrupted view of the fire. Both our stoves have air wash systems incorporated, but the images below show one air wash system is working more efficiently than the other one.
Ash pans on multi fuel stoves are located just beneath the firebox and catch ash as it falls through the firebox grate. Multi fuel stoves therefore incorporate metal grates at the base of the firebox rather than a flat piece of fireproof material found in wood burning stoves. Air is provided to the base of a multi fuel stove firebox through the ash pan and grate.
Because multi fuel stoves need a grate, an ash pan is required to collect any ash that falls through. This grate can be controlled using a lever on the side of the stove, which rotates the grate and helps ash to fall through from the firebox into the ash tray. Many stove manufacturers recommend to leave a layer of ash at the base of the firebox to help protect the components inside the firebox or ash pan from the heat of the fire, and also to help insulate the coals as the fire gets up to the right temperature.
Some older models of wood burning stove may have a damper located inside the stove pipe, which is a plate that can be manually opened or closed to help control the draw on the stove. For my complete guide to fireplace dampers, and to learn more about what dampers look like, what they do and how to operate one, click here.
Some high efficiency wood burning stoves include a catalytic combustor as a component to help further reduce the pollutants leaving your home. A catalytic combustor helps to lower the temperature in the stove at which gases burn, therefore providing an overall cleaner burn and lower emissions. Thank you for this, it was incredibly helpful and has finally provided some clear common sense answers.
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