Stone wall systems are not considered to provide any improvement in fire safety for the building exterior wall. In fact, for high-rise buildings stone wall systems can pose a serious safety hazard when a fire occurs that breeches the exterior envelope.
Because stone exposed to intense heat from fire can crack and the cracked portions of stone can fall from the building, fire safety personnel may be in danger from falling stone. Because of their mass, stone wall systems may provide better sound insulation than lighter wall systems such as metal panels. Stone used in stone wall systems can have several finishes: for granites and marbles, a polished, highly reflective finish is common.
Thermal finish is a rough textured finish that is often employed with granite. Also, smooth honed finishes are commonly used on all stone types used in stone wall systems. Granites have had a long history of durable service. Certain marbles have a long history of successful use.
However some marble types, particularly white marbles of pure calcite, have been found not to be durable materials because of their susceptibility to deterioration from heating and cooling cycles.
Travertine, limestone, and sandstone have a good history of use as thick stone wall elements but their service history as thin stone wall elements is fairly limited, particularly in terms of durability. However, few notable material related failures have been encountered. Most distress observed in stone wall systems can be attributed to anchors used to attach stone panels to the structure. Panel cracking, displacements, or other distress conditions can occur at locations where anchors are inadequately or improperly connected to the stone.
Poor construction is often the result of poor quality control and out of tolerance fabrication or erection of the panels. Also damage from handling during construction can result in panel cracking, some of which may not become evident for several years.
Evaluation of future stone durability is performed in several ways. History of use of a stone can in certain circumstances provide useful though limited information. Evaluation and study of the historic performance of a particular stone type in service is the most commonly used approach, and is used on almost all projects where stone is being evaluated for use in an exterior environment.
More important than reviewing past performance is review of the physical and mechanical properties of a particular stone. The stone's tested properties are often compared to minimum standards or to the physical and mechanical properties of other durable stones, or historic data for that stone.
Petrographic evaluation is also commonly used to evaluate stone in an effort to identify the mineral composition and microstructure of a stone, and based on these observations and past knowledge of those characteristics, to predict future performance.
Another method of evaluation is to expose samples of stone to an accelerated weathering procedure, and then evaluate the stones physical and mechanical properties for changes.
When properly constructed, stone wall systems require relatively little maintenance as compared to other wall systems.
This page contains international general information. Would you like to browse this page with USA specific content? Go to USA version. No thanks, stay on this page. It is very important to plan the layout of veneer pieces carefully. There are a limited number of patterns in manufactured stone veneers, and carefully planning the arrangement of pieces helps ensure a natural-looking result.
Installation of stone veneers is challenging and it is usually performed by professional teams with lots of experience. It takes a very skilled and intrepid DIYer to tackle such work on a full house project, though veneering a landscape wall, accent wall, fireplace surround, or shed can be relatively easy. Some areas may have permit requirements for installing a stone veneer—check with your local permitting office for guidance.
Your base should be clean and dry when you begin this project, so avoid installing veneer outdoor when there's a chance of rain. If it's particularly hot, working conditions may be uncomfortable, so try to begin this project when there's a stretch of cool, dry weather ahead. If you're installing stone veneer indoors, you may start this project at any time. Here are the basic steps pros use to install manufactured, concrete-based stone veneers.
For wood-framed houses, most veneer products call for installing a vapor barrier against the sheathing as a first step. This can be the same basic house wrap used under lap siding, such as Tyvek.
Or, you can use a sheathing paper, such as grade D asphalt builder's paper. On concrete block or poured concrete walls, a vapor barrier may not be required—follow the suggestions of the veneer manufacturer. Next, install sheets of expanded, galvanized metal lath as foundation for the mortar under the veneer.
This lath is installed using roofing nails driven into studs spaced about 6 inches apart—make sure the nails penetrate the studs. Also anchor the sheathing to the sheathing between studs, spacing nails about 6 inches apart. Prepare a scratch coat of type N or type S mortar.
Typically, a good mortar mix consists of one part N or S cement and 2. The same mortar used for this scratch coat can also be used for the bond coat and for grouting the seams.
Depending on the layout, you might want to add some tint to the coat because it is sometimes visible once the stone veneer is installed. Scrape horizontal grooves into this scratch coat, using a metal scraper or metal comb. The goal is to give the mortar some "tooth" that will help the next layer of mortar adhere.
Let the scratch coat dry for at least 24 hours before applying the stone veneer. Start by washing all the stones, then lay out the pieces on a flat surface to test the layout. It's a good idea to blend many boxes of veneer pieces together in order to ensure a random blend of colors and shapes.
Impala Black Granite. Impala Brown Granite. Imperial Red Granite. Imperial White Granite. India Black Granite. Ivory Fantasy Granite. Ivory Cream Granite.
Jordan Grey Granite. Juparana Columbo. Juparana Delicatus. Juparana Fantasy Granite. Kashmir Gold Granite. Kashmir White Granite. Labradorite Bianco. Lavendar Blue Granite. Leopard Skin Granite. Luna Pearl Granite. Madura Gold Granite.
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